There are two goldstar studies on vitamins that reveal volumes, if you know how to read them.
This study followed about 78,000 Nurses over 20* years and recorded many ongoing health, disease, and data points that were later used to evaluate numerous dietary and supplement health and disease associations. Nurses were studied since they would know how to accurately report and monitor symptoms. Many articles on this website use results from this study.
Another similar study using 7,600 Doctors that upped the result values.
Follow the Research
Next is one study from the PHS II on 11,600 medical professionals that is useful to evaluate supplements on cancer.
One arm of this study tested vitamin E, 400IU synthetic, Beta Carotene 50 mg, Vitamin C 500 mg, and a Centrum Silver multivitamin over 9 years to monitor cancer influences. The results showed these supplements had no impact on prostate or total cancer incidents. This website author fully agrees with this finding for the vitamin forms tested.
First, synthetic vitamin E is not recommended by the new vitamin criteria. It is incomplete and counter productive to the goal of impacting prostate cancer (See SELECT study). It does have very important anti-oxidant properties that could have value for some properties against certain cancer functions, but lacks vitamin E family members that show direct cancer participation. Vitamin C also has antioxidant properties for free radical control and at certain cancer processes might impact, but by itself, vitamin C is missing important values from vitamin C family members, rutin, hespiritin, and bioflavonoids. Centrum Silver multivitamin contains numerous errors in vitamin forms, lots of synthetics and unhealthy exicipents, plus lacks family members for beta carotene, vitamin C and E needed for complete functions, and has a few unwise and non-effective dosages.
CENTRUM SILVER 50+ Men label
| Amount Per Serving | % Daily Value | |
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| Vitamin A (40% as Beta-Carotene) | 750 mcg | 83% |
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| Vitamin C | 60 mg | 67% |
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| Vitamin D3 | 25 mcg (1000 IU) | 125% |
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| Vitamin E | 22.5 mg | 150% |
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| Vitamin K | 30 mcg | 25% |
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| Thiamin | 1.5 mg | 125% |
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| Riboflavin | 1.7 mg | 131% |
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| Niacin | 20 mg | 125% |
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| Vitamin B6 | 3 mg | 176% |
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| Folate (400 mcg Folic Acid) | 667 mcg DFE | 167% |
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| Vitamin B12 | 25 mcg | 1,042% |
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| Biotin | 30 mcg | 100% |
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| Pantothenic Acid | 10 mg | 200% |
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| Calcium | 220 mg | 17% |
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| Phosphorus | 20 mg | 2% |
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| Iodine | 150 mcg | 100% |
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| Magnesium | 50 mg | 12% |
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| Zinc | 11 mg | 100% |
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| Selenium | 19 mcg | 35% |
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| Copper | 0.5 mg | 56% |
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| Manganese | 2.3 mg | 100% |
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| Chromium | 50 mcg | 143% |
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| Molybdenum | 45 mcg | 100% |
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| Chloride | 72 mg | 3% |
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| Potassium | 80 mg | 2% |
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| Lutein | 250 mcg | * |
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| Lycopene | 300 mcg | * |
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Calcium Carbonate,Potassium Chloride, Magnesium Oxide, Inferior quality minerals
Ascorbic Acid (Vit. C), No family members for vitamin C
Microcrystalline Cellulose, Dibasic Calcium Phosphate,
DL-Alpha Tocopheryl Acetate (Vit. E), Synthetic vitamin E, no family members
Modified Corn Starch, Maltodextrin, Corn Starch, Crospovidone. <Processed foods and Chemical ingredients to help tab break apart
Contains <2% of: Beta-Carotene, BHT <chemical to Preserve Freshness,
Biotin, Blue 2 Lake, Calcium Pantothenate, Cholecalciferol (Vit. D3), Blue 2 lake artificial chemical color
Chromium Picolinate, Copper Sulfate, Cyanocobalamin (Vit. B12),
Folic Acid, Gelatin, Hypromellose <chemcial excipiant to help absorption of vitamins, Lutein, Lycopene (these dosages do not have researched benefits at such tiny amounts) Magnesium Stearate,
Manganese Sulfate, Medium-Chain Triglycerides, Niacinamide, Phytonadione (Vit. K1),
Polydextrose <synthetic glucose fiber, Potassium lodide, Pyridoxine Hydrochloride (Vit. B6),
Red 40 Lake, Riboflavin (Vit. B2), Silicon Dioxide, Sodium Ascorbate (to Preserve Freshness),
Sodium Molybdate, Sodium Selenate <low quality mineral form, Talc, Thiamine Mononitrate (Vit. B1),
Titanium Dioxide <natural mineral coloring agent, Tocopherols (to Preserve Freshness), Vitamin A Acetate, Yellow 6 Lake, Zinc Oxide.
TRENDS IN CANCER Research
Since the current drugs for cancer are quite toxic to the health of the body, Scientists have been exploring the use of natural food elements that have anti-cancer effects, such as curcumin, green tea extract, and Chinese Skullcap. It is hoped that using these natural elements will boost the drugs impact and allow reduced levels of drug use to reduce side effects.